{"links":{},"t":{"about.ages.1":"Where Berlin's residents of 30 June 2026 live by age, in the city's planning areas, from the statistics office's half-yearly report. The clock steps through four groups: under 18, 18 to 44, 45 to 64, and 65 and over. Each area is coloured by its share of the group against the group's share in all Berlin (% are under 18, % 65 and over), so every group reads the same way. These are residents registered at their main home, not everyone who lives there.","about.back":"Back to the map","about.built.1":"The buildings in their period's colours, dated as above, each rising in its year as the clock runs. A building's card gives its year, how that is known, and its ring in Berlin: how many of every 100 Berlin buildings are older.","about.built.2":"The second view, Estates and showcases, lays three layers on the ground, each switched on and off in the legend and drawn as outlines, an area tinted only while hovered or tapped. Buildings in a layer shown keep their period colours, and the others step back. The Siedlungen der Berliner Moderne, UNESCO World Heritage since 2008: the estates of the inscription ( ha, with buildings) with their buffer zones ( ha), from the city's World Heritage map. A seventh, the Waldsiedlung Zehlendorf, was added in 2026. The city's World Heritage map has no boundary for it yet, so it's named and not drawn.","about.built.3":"Hobrecht's tenement belt as it stands today: Hobrecht's plan of 1862 exists only as a scan, so the map draws the blocks ( ha, with buildings) that the city's structure map of 2024 classes as courtyard blocks of the 1870s to 1918: what was built in the belt and still stands, not the plan.","about.built.4":"The Cold War showcases and large estates: areas, in the East and in the West by the map's own border of 1989 ( buildings): the two sections of the Karl-Marx-Allee, the Hansaviertel of the Interbau 1957 and the Corbusierhaus as the heritage register outlines them, Gropiusstadt, the Märkisches Viertel, Marzahn and Hellersdorf as the city's large estates. Every name, year and maker quotes the German Wikipedia article it comes from, checked row by row like the stories' captions.","about.colours":"What the colours say","about.colours.1":"On the buildings, an exact year shows in its period's full colour with a slightly brighter roof. Estimates from the aerial photos, the 1992/93 map, the census and the 2016 map have the full colour but no brighter roof. The weak ones, from the type of city block or the neighbouring buildings, and BER's are greyed. buildings dated by their neighbours are garages and sheds under 50 m², drawn in one neutral tone.","about.colours.2":"On the ground, full colour means published as it is. Hatched means uncertain: a rent the census calls uncertain, or a cell whose published counts hold less than half its buildings. Grey hatched marks an area with homes whose value is withheld or zero. Whatever is modelled says “indicative”: the solar potential, the heat and the walking rings. Clubs and events the project's tables haven't confirmed are hollow.","about.credits":"Code and credits","about.credits.1":"By Anubhav Das, on GitHub. The code is MIT licensed. Its tile format, the tile worker and parts of the shader, picking and timeline are adapted from Alex Barakov's LAYRS: Amsterdam (MIT). The idea owes much to Alexander Bogachev's Paris, building by building, and none of its code is used. Drawn with three.js (MIT) and Mapbox's earcut (ISC), and set in Fraunces and JetBrains Mono (SIL Open Font License 1.1).","about.description":"How every building in Berlin got its year and how sure it is, what each of the 13 questions shows, and where the data comes from.","about.feels.1":"Rent, heating, heat and age lie on the ground. The buildings turn one neutral tone and keep their height, and every value belongs to its area, a census cell, a block, a zone or a planning area, never to one building, as its label says. A building's card gives its cell's, block's and zone's values, each with its grain.","about.ground":"The shapes and the ground","about.ground.1":"Under the buildings lies the city's street network, km of streets, the main roads and motorways ( km) brighter and wider. The railways in service are thin lines, km of mainline, S-Bahn and U-Bahn above ground, without the tunnels. Contour lines every m show the relief on green spaces, forest and open land, from the 1 m terrain model. Streets and railways are drawn as they are today, in every year: in 1900 the map still shows the motorway.","about.ground.2":"Close up, every building has the roofs of the 3D city model: pitched, hipped and mansard roofs and towers. From afar, buildings are simplified blocks. Landmarks the model can't describe are simple shapes of their own: the Fernsehturm's sphere and antenna, the Funkturm, the Siegessäule's column with its Victoria and the domes of the Berlin Cathedral and the Reichstag, and more since, from the Brandenburg Gate to the Holocaust Memorial's stelae. Each figure is quoted from Wikipedia or measured in the city's surface model, as the Cathedral's corner towers are, about m high by the Lustgarten and m by the Spree.","about.ground.3":"Heights come from Berlin's 3D city model, measured from the lowest ground point to the highest roof point, so it can leave out a spire or a dome, or a tower built since. Where Wikidata gives a building's height ( buildings), the card shows that instead. Of the fifty famous buildings, have a height on Wikipedia or Wikidata, and the model is more than a tenth lower for and higher for .","about.heat.1":"The city's climate model of 2022 lies on the ground, blocks and street areas on a clear summer day, so it's indicative. The clock has two stops: by day the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) at 14:00, a measure of the heat a person feels, at night the air at 04:00, in the city's classes and the map's own colours. By day % of the blocks reach strong or extreme heat stress (a PET over 35 °C). At night % of the blocks and % of the street areas stay above 18 °C.","about.heat.2":"The trees stand in for the shade, from the city's tree register as read on 17 and 18 October 2026: close up each a crown on a trunk, shaped by its genus, farther out a dot. They're its street trees, of them with a planting year and shown from it, and trees of the green spaces from its second layer. That layer holds only part of them, its record says, so a park looks thinner than it is, and a forest such as the Grunewald thinner still, its forest trees being in neither layer. The register holds only the trees standing today, so a tree felled before never shows.","about.history.1":" events of the project's own table stand at their places, from to , each a diamond from its day on. The table keeps only events widely known and placed more precisely than “Berlin”, each with its sources. are verified, the others hollow. happened at a place on the monument list, whose number the label gives. Close up, a building that was the place lights up for a year from the event's day, then keeps an amber line round its roof.","about.intro.1":"Every building standing in Berlin today, with those of BER airport just beyond its border: in all, each with a date, most of them estimated. Berlin publishes no year for each building, so each takes the best of several open sources, and every date says where it came from. Jahresringe is German for tree rings: Berlin grew in rings.","about.intro.2":"The map answers 13 questions in two themes, Buildings and How it feels. Explore runs a question's clock: through the years, through a dataset's own few years, or along another axis the data really has, such as day and night, loudness or age. Story walks through it in short captions that link their sources. Every view has its own address, with the question, the year, the camera and the building.","about.kept.1":"The buildings on Berlin's monument list keep their period colours, and the rest step back: buildings stand at least half inside one of the listed buildings' outlines of the city's monument map. That map gives no years, so they keep the map's own dating, and a card shows Wikidata's inception only where it agrees ( buildings). outlines the 3D model's buildings cover less than half of (bridges, the Wall's remnants, statues) are drawn as outlines, and so are the ensembles, complexes, garden monuments and archaeological monuments, tinted while hovered or tapped and named from Wikidata where an item carries their number.","about.keys":"Using the map with a keyboard","about.keys.1":"Tab moves between the question menu, the search box, the buttons, the map, the legend and the clock. Enter opens the list of questions and Escape closes it. The arrow keys move the map, with Shift they turn it, and + and - zoom. On the clock the arrow keys change the year or the stop, Page Up and Page Down by ten years. Escape closes a building's card and ends the story, and Space pauses and resumes the story. With the system's setting for reduced motion, flights become cuts and buildings fade in instead of rising.","about.noise.1":"The homes in the colour of their noise, from the strategic noise map of 2022, calculated, not measured, at points on their facades: homes, each at its loudest facade's level, and the other buildings neutral. The level is L_DEN, day, evening and night together, or with a switch L_Night, 22:00 to 06:00. Other switches show road, tram and U-Bahn, or BER's air traffic alone, and the federal railways, with no switch of their own, count in all sources. The clock runs over the classes, 55 to 75 dB over 24 hours and 10 dB lower at night, counting the homes at or above the level, not the people in them: the map has no residents per building.","about.pageTitle":"{title}: about this atlas","about.privacy":"What leaves this site","about.privacy.1":"The map loads its own files, and Cloudflare Web Analytics, a script from its host that counts visits without cookies. One thing comes from elsewhere, and only on request: a building's photo, from Wikimedia Commons, when its card opens ( buildings have one), or, for a named building without one, the nearest street photo from Panoramax, asked for with the place clicked. Links in the card (Wikipedia, Wikidata, the monument database, a photo's page) open those sites. There are no cookies and no ads. Four small values are kept in the browser's own storage, and nothing else: the language picked, whether the hint on turning the map is still needed, that the opening story has started, and, for the visit only, that the start's panel was closed. The privacy notice has the details.","about.rails.1":"The U-Bahn and the S-Bahn lie on the ground and the clock builds them, km of U-Bahn and km of S-Bahn track as drawn, both tracks counted. Each stretch lights up as it opens and settles into its era's colour: to 1918, 1919-1945, 1946-1989 in the East's or the West's colour, and 1990 to today. km of the U-Bahn come with their dates from OpenHistoricalMap, and the rest takes the day its stations opened. The S-Bahn shows from the day its line opened as a railway, dashed until its electric service began, both days quoted from German Wikipedia. Where no article gives the railway's day, a stretch shows from its electric service, and the legend says so.","about.rails.2":"From 13 August 1961 the network was cut at the Wall: the stretches across it are faint and dashed until they reopened, and the stations under East Berlin that the West's U6, U8 and north-south S-Bahn passed without stopping are crossed rings until each reopened, from Jannowitzbrücke on 11 November 1989 to Potsdamer Platz in 1992. The West's S-Bahn shrank after the strike of 1980, most of it stood still for months after the BVG took it over in January 1984, and the ring closed again only in 2002. Each of these changes quotes its Wikipedia article. Only today's network is drawn, so a line out of service such as the Siemensbahn (closed in 1980, being rebuilt) isn't.","about.rails.3":"The airfields show while in use and as a faint dashed outline after: Johannisthal from 1909, Staaken, Tempelhof from 1923 with the two runways the Airlift built in 1948, Gatow, Schönefeld, Tegel from 1948 and BER from 2020. Tempelhof's and Tegel's runway numbers are known only as they were at closing, and their labels say so. Tempelhof's first runway, closed by 1954, and Johannisthal, Staaken, Gatow and Schönefeld have no outline in an open source, so the runway isn't drawn and the four airfields are rings. BER's buildings come from Brandenburg's 3D model, dated as built for the airport between 2006 and 2020, and the map's ground stops at Berlin's border.","about.rails.4":"The trams come from OpenHistoricalMap: stretches of tram line ( km, each track counted), each with the opening and removal its contributors give. are dated and take their era's colour. The others lack an opening, or a removal while off today's tracks, and are dotted in every year the data can't rule out: from their opening, or from the first horse tram on 22 June 1865, to their removal, in West Berlin at the latest to its last tram on 2 October 1967, and in the East to today. West Berlin's trams went between 1954 and 1967 ( km drawn in 1960, none in 1968), while km are drawn in East Berlin in 1989. km of today's tracks (ATKIS) aren't in that history and show in today's year only. The diamonds are events from the project's tram table, marked where they still need checking.","about.rent.1":"Rent shows the 2022 census on its 100 m grid: the average net rent per m² of the rented flats in each cell, not any building's rent. cells lie in Berlin, of them with a rent, and buildings stand in a cell.","about.rent.2":"The census keeps people's privacy by setting some small counts to zero, and a “-” in its files can't tell such a count from a true zero. A cell with homes but no rent is grey hatched: no rented flats, or the value withheld. The rents the census calls uncertain are hatched. In cells fewer than 10 buildings are counted, and there the census's random adjustment weighs most, so their lines say “small counts, adjusted at random by the census”.","about.rent.3":"Land value shows the land values (Bodenrichtwerte) of the Gutachterausschuss für Grundstückswerte on 1 January of each of years, 2002 to 2026, one stop of the clock each, in euros per m² of land, zone by zone ( zones in 2002, in 2026). A zone's value is an average for land of its use, not a price paid for one plot. The median zone's value went from € to € per m². Where zones overlap, the smallest is drawn. Earlier years exist only as scanned maps in Deutsche Mark, so they're left out.","about.roofs.1":"The gold on the buildings is the city's solar model, made in 2025 from the 3D city model: how well each roof suits solar panels, so indicative. buildings have a roof large enough for at least one standard module, of them mostly of high suitability, more sun a brighter gold. The the model marks as listed are violet, of them with a suitable roof. Nothing says that listing forbids solar panels: they need heritage consent, which is what the legend says. The model also gives each roof a power, 0.4 per standard module, without a unit. The city's Solarcity report counts a module at 400 Wp, so the map reads it in kWp.","about.roofs.2":"Lit on the gold is what the roofs already carry: the solar systems in the Marktstammdatenregister on 9 February 2026, as the city's Umweltatlas maps them. The systems over 30 kWp hold MWp together, of them on a listed building or inside a listed complex, ensemble or garden. Each lights a building from the year it went into operation: the one its place falls in or the nearest within 15 m, or, for the whose register address lies at another building, that one. buildings light up by 2026, and systems with no building either way stay rings. The register publishes no place for a system of up to 30 kWp, so the small ones ( MWp, of them plug-in units) are known per postcode only, and the hover gives their sum. All together, MWp are % of the MWp the suitable roofs could hold in the model, the legend's headline, each district's under it. A register against a model, so the share is rough, and the city's own monitoring, against another potential, comes out higher.","about.sources":"Sources and licences","about.sources.0":"Every number, class and choice is written down in the code's METHODS.md and its design notes, and every source, with its licence and the day it was read, in its SOURCES.md.","about.sources.1":"Geoportal Berlin, Data licence Germany, Zero, version 2.0 (dl-de/zero-2.0): the 3D building model (LoD2), ALKIS buildings, districts and localities, the address list, the street network (Detailnetz), ATKIS's railways and tunnels, the terrain and surface models, the aerial photos since 2009, the building-age map 1992/93, the map of the Wall, the blocks and districts of 1990 (ISU50), the damage map of 1945, the World Heritage sites, the monument map, the large estates, the fuel use of the plants of 2020, the land values (Bodenrichtwerte) 2002 to 2026, the tree register and the public green spaces. From the Umweltatlas, the building ages of residential blocks, the heights 2009/2010, the city structure 2024, the noise map 2022, the solar potential, the solar systems from the Marktstammdatenregister, the climate assessment 2022 and the heating maps of 2000 and 2005. Data changed: classed, coloured or tinted by the map, outlines simplified, overlapping land values resolved. The bathing sites (Badegewässerqualität) are under CC BY 4.0.","about.sources.2":"Zensus 2022, © Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, Data licence Germany, Attribution, version 2.0 (dl-de/by-2.0): buildings by construction period per grid square, and the net rent and the heating of buildings with homes per 100 m cell (data changed: classed by the map).","about.sources.3":"Wikidata (CC0): years, heights, article titles and images of notable buildings, the U-Bahn's stations and the days they opened, the names and inception of listed monuments, the number of Wikimedia pages each place has, which decides the places named from afar, and the points of some clubs and events.","about.sources.4":"OpenStreetMap contributors, Open Database License 1.0 (ODbL): construction years of buildings (start_date), exported on 14 October 2026, the U-Bahn and S-Bahn lines and the airfields' outlines and runways, exported on 15 October 2026, and the places to go and some clubs, exported on 17 October 2026. The years and shapes from it, and the map's data files insofar as they hold them, are available under the same licence.","about.sources.5":"OpenHistoricalMap contributors (CC0): construction years of buildings, many of them drawn from Geoportal Berlin / Berlin um 1900 (AISBer) under dl-de/by-2.0, and the tracks of the U-Bahn and the trams with the days they opened and closed.","about.sources.6":"GeoBasis-DE/LGB, Data licence Germany, Attribution, version 2.0 (dl-de/by-2.0): BER's buildings from Brandenburg's 3D building model (© GeoBasis-DE/LGB, dl-de/by-2-0, data changed: dated by the map).","about.sources.7":"Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0), quoted in the code: the facts of the stories' captions in both languages, each linked, the building years checked against it, three station dates, the landmark models' figures, the S-Bahn's stations and first railways, the divided network, the airfields' dates, and the estates' and showcases' names, years and makers. The card links a building's article and quotes nothing from it.","about.sources.8":"Wikimedia Commons and Panoramax: the card's photos and street photos, each credited with its author and licence.","about.sources.9":"Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg, CC BY 3.0 DE: the residents by age in each planning area on 30 June 2026 (report A I 16), on the planning areas of 2021 (LOR, CC BY 3.0) (data changed: age bands summed into four groups, outlines simplified).","about.sure":"How sure the years are","about.sure.1":" buildings have an exact year, % of them all. The other are estimates. Tested on buildings whose year is known, an estimate lands in the right period % of the time, a median of years off. Many of those test buildings are old and notable, though, so for an ordinary house an estimate is probably a little less sure than that.","about.survived.1":"The 1945 survey covers only the inner city and marks groups of buildings as destroyed or damaged. A building standing today with at least half its footprint in the survey takes a mark covering at least 40% of it, destroyed before damaged: of such buildings, stand on sites marked destroyed and damaged. For % of them the map at the building's centre gives the same class, a mark or none: % of those marked destroyed and % of those marked damaged. Since the survey marks groups, one standing today on a site marked destroyed was rebuilt, restored or survived in part.","about.survived.2":"The divided city colours the buildings of 1989 by sector, Soviet, American, British and French, those in the former death strip in a colour of their own, and a switch brings back East and West. The Wall, the death strip and the political border are Berlin's map of the Wall in 1989 ( km of border wall), and West Berlin is the area they enclose: km², against km² on Wikipedia. The sectors follow the districts of before 2001. West Staaken, west of the Wall but East German until 1990, counts as East, and the exclave Steinstücken and the land East Berlin gave to West Berlin in 1988 count as West. Of named places checked, fall in the right sector, inside or outside the strip as they should.","about.techno.1":"The clubs of the project's own table at their addresses, each from the day it opened to the day it closed, as precise as its source: clubs and the Love Parade at sites, of them on the map. The legend names the rest, which no open source places or dates. Close up, a building that stands for a club lights up in violet while it's open, pale where its closing isn't known, and keeps a violet line round its roof once it has closed, every such building checked by hand against the city's records. Elsewhere a pin marks it, placed by OpenStreetMap, Wikidata or its source's address. A hollow pin is a row the table hasn't confirmed ( of the ), a dashed rim an approximate place, a faint ring a club closed by the year shown.","about.test":"How good the estimates are","about.test.1":"The test dated the buildings with an exact year again as if they had none. By the source each estimate came from:","about.test.2":"Estimated from","about.test.3":"Buildings","about.test.4":"Right period","about.test.5":"Median years off","about.test.6":"These buildings, dated in OpenHistoricalMap, OpenStreetMap and Wikidata, aren't a fair sample of the city's homes. The dated by OpenStreetMap are the most ordinary of them, and for these the estimates land in the right period % of the time.","about.test.7":"Fifty famous buildings were checked by hand: all show the right period ( without the years checked against Wikipedia, kept in the code with a quote from each article). The estimated homes add up, per district and period, to the census totals: of within the census's own blurring.","about.title":"About this atlas","about.todo.1":"Today's places to go, so every year shows the same: the public green spaces of the city's register ( km²) on the ground, three sites that are not parks outlined from the monument map, and as icons the EU bathing sites and, from OpenStreetMap, museums, theatres and arts centres, galleries, viewpoints and artworks with a name, behind two switches, culture and outdoors. Close up, a museum's, theatre's or gallery's building lights up. From far away only the best-known are named, and artworks show only near the camera. The clock draws rings of 10, 20 and 30 minutes on foot around a searched address or the view's centre, straight lines at 4.5 km/h, so indicative: a real walk runs longer.","about.warm.1":"The clock has three stops. In 2000 and 2005 the blocks show their main heating by the city's own rule, from the Umweltatlas's heating maps ( and blocks, with each carrier's share on hover). In 2022 each census cell shows the most common heating of its buildings with homes. The heating maps measure floor area per block and the census counts buildings per 100 m cell, so the legend says to compare the pictures, not the numbers. Oil was the main heating of blocks in 2000 and in 2005, gas of and , coal of and .","about.warm.2":"In 2022, cells (%) are grey hatched, all their counts withheld or zero, and a cell whose published counts hold less than half its buildings is hatched. Rings mark the large heat and power plants of each time ( in 2000, in 2004, in 2020) with the fuels they burned. Hard coal was % of their fuel in 2000 and % in 2004. The amounts and the CO2 figures aren't shown, because no page states their unit or year. No heating map exists as data for 1994, so the clock starts in 2000.","about.year":"How a building gets its year","about.year.1":"The sources are tried in turn, from exact years to estimates. A building takes the first that dates it.","about.year.2":"Source","about.year.3":"Buildings","about.year.4":"An exact year comes from Wikidata, OpenStreetMap or OpenHistoricalMap, or was checked by hand against Wikipedia. An estimate reads as one: a period or a decade (“1950s, estimated”), with a year only where the aerial photos give one within a few years (“c. 2014”).","about.year.5":"The 2022 census counts buildings with homes by construction period in every 1 km and 100 m square but doesn't say which is which. So the buildings with homes in each 1 km square share out its counts, guided by the 100 m squares' counts, the 1992/93 map, the aerial photos and each building's form. The 1992/93 building-age map and the 2016 map of residential building age cover only the inner city and residential blocks.","ages.about":"about as in Berlin","ages.area":"Planning area, 30 June 2026","ages.between":"{a} to {b}%","ages.city":"In all Berlin: {p}","ages.fewer":"fewer than in Berlin","ages.g0":"Under 18","ages.g1":"18 to 44","ages.g2":"45 to 64","ages.g3":"65 and over","ages.more":"more than in Berlin","ages.none":"No residents","ages.note":"Residents at their main home. The planning area's values, not one building's.","ages.over":"{a}% and more","ages.ratio.few":"under ⅓ of Berlin's share","ages.ratio.less":"about {f} of Berlin's share","ages.ratio.more":"about {f} times Berlin's share","ages.ratio.over":"a little over Berlin's share","ages.ratio.same":"about Berlin's share","ages.ratio.under":"a little under Berlin's share","ages.residents":"Residents","ages.share":"{n}, {p}, {words}","ages.under":"Under {b}%","ages.which":"Age group","airfield.ber":"BER Airport","airfield.gatow":"Gatow airfield","airfield.johannisthal":"Johannisthal airfield","airfield.schoenefeld":"Schönefeld Airport","airfield.staaken":"Staaken airfield","airfield.tegel":"Tegel Airport","airfield.tempelhof":"Tempelhof Airport","airfield.tempelhof.third":"Not drawn: its first paved runway, laid after 1945 in the middle of the field and closed by 1954","axis.ages.unit":"Residents by age group, the register of 30 June 2026","axis.day":"14:00, by day","axis.loudness.layer":"Homes at or above the level, {level}, {what}, 2022","axis.minutes":"{n} min","axis.minutes.unit":"On foot, straight line at 4.5 km/h (indicative)","axis.night":"04:00, at night","axis.time.unit":"The climate model's clear summer day, 2022 (indicative)","card.chip.height":"{h} m tall","card.chip.heightModel":"about {h} m tall","card.chip.listed":"Listed","card.copied":"Link copied: it opens this view with this building.","card.copiedRing":"Link copied: it opens this building and its ring.","card.fly":"Fly here","card.line.heatDay.down":"Cooler by day than {p}%","card.line.heatDay.up":"Hotter by day than {p}%","card.line.heatNight.down":"Cooler at night than {p}%","card.line.heatNight.up":"Warmer at night than {p}%","card.line.land.down":"Land cheaper than {p}%","card.line.land.up":"Land dearer than {p}%","card.line.listed":"Listed, no. {id}","card.line.noise.down":"Quieter than {p}% of homes","card.line.noise.up":"Louder than {p}% of homes","card.line.noiseLayer.down":"Quieter than {p}% of homes ({what}, {level})","card.line.noiseLayer.up":"Louder than {p}% of homes ({what}, {level})","card.ring.aria":"Berlin's buildings as tree rings, one ring per decade from the 1850s to the 2020s, the ring of {year} in its colour","card.ring.older":"{n} of every 100 Berlin buildings are older.","card.ring.olderAtLeast":"At least {n} of every 100 Berlin buildings are older.","card.ring.olderFew":"Fewer than 1 in every 100 Berlin buildings is older.","card.ring.olderRange":"Between {a} and {b} of every 100 Berlin buildings are older.","card.ring.olderUpTo":"Up to {n} of every 100 Berlin buildings are older.","card.ring.share":"Share its ring","card.ring.title":"Its ring in Berlin","card.sec.heat":"Heat in summer","card.sec.kept":"Listed","card.sec.noise":"Noise","card.sec.rent":"Land and rent","card.sec.roofs":"Sun on the roof","card.sec.survived":"1945 and 1989","card.sec.warm":"Heating","card.share":"Share","card.src.heat":"Source: Geoportal Berlin / Klimabewertung 2022 (Umweltatlas)","card.src.kept":"Source: Geoportal Berlin / Denkmalkarte Berlin","card.src.keptWikidata":"Sources: Geoportal Berlin / Denkmalkarte Berlin and Wikidata","card.src.noise":"Source: Geoportal Berlin / Strategische Lärmkarte 2022 (Umweltatlas)","card.src.rent":"Sources: Geoportal Berlin / Bodenrichtwerte (Gutachterausschuss für Grundstückswerte in Berlin) and Zensus 2022, © Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, 2024","card.src.roofs":"Source: Geoportal Berlin / Solarpotenzial (Umweltatlas)","card.src.survived":"Sources: Geoportal Berlin / Berliner Mauer, ISU50 1990 (the sectors), Gebäudeschäden 1945","card.src.warm":"Sources: Geoportal Berlin / Gebäudewärme 2000 and 2005 (Umweltatlas) and Zensus 2022, © Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, 2024","card.use.business":"Business","card.use.cemetery":"Cemetery","card.use.culture":"Culture","card.use.education":"Education","card.use.farming":"Farming","card.use.food":"Food and drink","card.use.health":"Health","card.use.homes":"Homes","card.use.hotel":"Accommodation","card.use.industry":"Industry","card.use.leisure":"Leisure","card.use.parking":"Parking","card.use.public":"Public offices","card.use.recreation":"Sport and leisure","card.use.safety":"Safety","card.use.social":"Social care","card.use.station":"Station","card.use.transport":"Transport","card.use.utilities":"Utilities","card.use.waste":"Waste","card.use.worship":"Worship","card.wiki":"Wikipedia","cell.heating":"Heating","cell.mostly":"{what}: {k} of {n} buildings with homes","cell.note":"The cell's values, not one building's.","cell.rent":"Net rent","cell.rentUncertain":"€{v} per m², {n} rented flats (uncertain)","cell.rentValue":"€{v} per m², {n} rented flats","cell.small":"{v} (small counts, adjusted at random by the census)","cell.title":"100 m census cell, 2022","cell.withheld":"{n} buildings with homes, counts withheld or zero","clock.ages":"Residents, 30 June {year}","clock.census":"Census {year}","clock.climate":"Climate model {year}","clock.heating":"Heating map {year}","clock.land":"Land values, 1 January {year}","clock.one":"This lens has one year","clock.pv":"{n} of today's systems over 30 kWp had started by {year}","clock.solar":"Solar model, made in {year}","clubs.also":"Also here: {title}","clubs.approx":"approximate place","clubs.buildingsNote":"Close up, {lit} of the {drawn} sites drawn light their building, checked by hand. The other {marks} keep their mark.","clubs.closedLp":"Club, closed","clubs.endUnknown":"Opened by then, their closing not known","clubs.legend.approx":"Dashed rim: an approximate place","clubs.legend.building":"Close up, its building, lit while it's open","clubs.legend.gone":"A faint ring: closed by then","clubs.legend.mark":"A mark from far away, or where no building stands for it","clubs.legend.open":"Open in the year shown","clubs.legend.pale":"Pale: opened by then, its closing not known","clubs.legend.roof":"A violet roof outline: closed by then","clubs.legend.unsure":"Hollow: the table says it needs checking","clubs.lp":"Club","clubs.missing":"Not on the map ({n}): no open source places them or dates their opening","clubs.needsChecking":"Needs checking","clubs.needsCheckingNote":"the table has not confirmed this row yet","clubs.noAddress":"no address","clubs.notKnown":"years not known","clubs.note":"The project's table of {clubs} clubs and the Love Parade at {rows} sites, each date as precise as its source, {verified} of the rows verified. A year no source gives is never guessed. A club that moved has a pin at each site an open source places and dates. The Love Parade is one point on each of its 2 streets.","clubs.openIn":"Clubs open in {year}","clubs.parade":"The Love Parade's route","clubs.source":"Source: {sites}","clubs.sources":"Sources: {sites}","clubs.span":"{a} to {b}","clubs.spanFrom":"from {a}, closing not known","clubs.spanUntil":"opening not known, until {b}","clubs.title":"{name}, {years}","clubs.today":"today","clubs.unit":"Each club at its place, from the day it opened to the day it closed","clubs.when":"When","clubs.where":"Where","clubs.where.above-heinrich-heine-strasse":"{address} (the building at the former ghost station Heinrich-Heine-Straße)","clubs.where.corner-mauerstrasse":"{address}, corner of Mauerstraße","clubs.where.corner-reinhardtstrasse":"{address}, corner of Reinhardtstraße","clubs.where.malzfabrik":"{address} (the old Schultheiss malt house)","clubs.where.metropol":"{address} (the Metropol)","clubs.where.supermarket":"{address} (a former supermarket)","clubs.where.toilets":"{address} (underground toilets)","clubs.where.westin-grand":"{address} (the Westin Grand building)","compare.ages":"Its planning area has more of this age group than {p} % of planning areas","compare.heatDay":"Its block is hotter by day than {p}% of blocks (indicative)","compare.heatNight":"Its block is warmer at night than {p}% of blocks (indicative)","compare.land":"Its zone's land value is above that of {p}% of the map's land-value areas this year","compare.noise":"Louder than {p}% of homes (its loudest facade)","compare.noiseLayer":"Louder than {p}% of homes ({what}, {level}, its loudest facade)","compare.rent":"Its cell's rent is above {p} % of the cells'","compare.solar":"Its roof suits solar better than {p} % of roofs (indicative)","compass.hint":"To turn and tilt the map, drag the compass, or drag the map with Ctrl or Alt held.","compass.hintTouch":"To turn and tilt the map, use two fingers, or drag the compass.","compass.label":"Compass: drag it to turn and tilt the map, or use the arrow keys; click for north up","dates.about":"c. {y}","dates.before":"before {y}","dates.decade":"{y}s","dates.estimated":"{text}, estimated","dates.since":"since {y}","energy.area":"Heated floor area","energy.block":"Block, heating map of {year}","energy.c.coal":"coal","energy.c.district":"district heat","energy.c.gas":"gas","energy.c.night":"night-storage electricity","energy.c.oil":"oil","energy.main":"Main heating","energy.noData":"No heated area recorded","energy.note":"The block's values, as the Umweltatlas gives them, not one building's.","energy.passport":"Heating of its block","energy.plants":"Heat and power plants of {year}, sized by their share of the fuel used","energy.plants2020":"Heat and power plants of 2020","energy.shares":"Share of heated floor area","events.1846-neptune":"Neptune discovered at the Berlin Observatory","events.1846-neptune.place":"Besselpark, site of the Berlin Observatory","events.1848-barricades":"March Revolution: shots on the Schloßplatz, then barricades","events.1848-barricades.place":"Schloßplatz","events.1878-congress":"Congress of Berlin","events.1878-congress.place":"Wilhelmstraße 92, site of the old Reich Chancellery, the Palais Radziwill","events.1884-africa-conference":"Berlin Africa Conference","events.1884-africa-conference.place":"Wilhelmstraße 92, site of the old Reich Chancellery, the Palais Radziwill","events.1906-koepenick":"The Captain of Köpenick raids the town hall","events.1906-koepenick.place":"Rathaus Köpenick","events.1918-liebknecht":"Liebknecht proclaims the socialist republic","events.1918-liebknecht.place":"Berlin Palace, today the Humboldt Forum","events.1918-scheidemann":"Scheidemann proclaims the republic","events.1918-scheidemann.place":"Reichstag, west balcony","events.1919-luxemburg":"Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht murdered","events.1919-luxemburg.note":"Karl Liebknecht was shot a few hundred metres north, where the memorial's other part stands.","events.1919-luxemburg.place":"Landwehrkanal at the Lichtensteinbrücke, where Rosa Luxemburg was thrown in","events.1919-spartacist":"Spartacist uprising: the Mosse publishing house occupied","events.1919-spartacist.place":"Mossehaus, Schützenstraße","events.1922-rathenau":"Walther Rathenau assassinated","events.1922-rathenau.place":"Koenigsallee at Erdener Straße, memorial stone","events.1927-metropolis":"Premiere of Metropolis","events.1927-metropolis.place":"Zoo Palast, on the site of the Ufa-Palast am Zoo","events.1928-threepenny":"Premiere of The Threepenny Opera","events.1928-threepenny.place":"Theater am Schiffbauerdamm, the Berliner Ensemble","events.1933-book-burning":"Book burning on the Opernplatz","events.1933-book-burning.place":"Bebelplatz","events.1933-reichstag-fire":"Reichstag fire","events.1933-reichstag-fire.place":"Reichstag","events.1933-torchlight":"Torchlight parade through the Brandenburg Gate","events.1933-torchlight.place":"Brandenburg Gate","events.1936-olympics":"The Olympic Games","events.1936-olympics.place":"Olympiastadion","events.1938-pogrom":"Pogrom night: the New Synagogue set on fire","events.1938-pogrom.place":"Neue Synagoge, Oranienburger Straße","events.1942-wannsee":"Wannsee Conference","events.1942-wannsee.place":"House of the Wannsee Conference","events.1943-rosenstrasse":"The women's protest on Rosenstraße","events.1943-rosenstrasse.place":"Rosenstraße, memorial “Block der Frauen”","events.1943-sportpalast":"Goebbels's “total war” speech","events.1943-sportpalast.place":"Pallasseum, on the site of the Sportpalast","events.1944-july-20":"The 20 July plot fails","events.1944-july-20.place":"Bendlerblock","events.1945-hitler-death":"Hitler's suicide in the bunker","events.1945-hitler-death.place":"Site of the Führerbunker, a car park off Gertrud-Kolmar-Straße","events.1945-surrender":"The unconditional surrender signed","events.1945-surrender.place":"Museum Berlin-Karlshorst","events.1948-airlift":"The Berlin Airlift","events.1948-airlift.note":"The State Department gives 26 June 1948 as the first day. Accounts differ by a day, so the table marks it as needing checking.","events.1948-airlift.place":"Tempelhof airport","events.1953-june-17":"The uprising of 17 June","events.1953-june-17.place":"Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus, then the Haus der Ministerien","events.1961-checkpoint-charlie":"Tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie","events.1961-checkpoint-charlie.place":"Checkpoint Charlie, Friedrichstraße","events.1961-schumann":"Conrad Schumann leaps the wire","events.1961-schumann.place":"Bernauer Straße at Ruppiner Straße","events.1962-fechter":"Peter Fechter shot dead at the Wall","events.1962-fechter.place":"Zimmerstraße, Peter Fechter memorial","events.1963-kennedy":"Kennedy: “Ich bin ein Berliner”","events.1963-kennedy.place":"Rathaus Schöneberg","events.1967-ohnesorg":"Benno Ohnesorg shot by a policeman","events.1967-ohnesorg.place":"Hrdlicka's relief by the Deutsche Oper, near the courtyard of Krumme Straße 66/67","events.1986-la-belle":"Bombing of the La Belle discotheque","events.1986-la-belle.place":"Hauptstraße 78, Friedenau","events.1987-reagan":"Reagan: “Tear down this wall”","events.1987-reagan.place":"Brandenburg Gate","events.1989-alexanderplatz":"The great demonstration on Alexanderplatz","events.1989-alexanderplatz.place":"Alexanderplatz","events.1989-bornholmer":"The Wall opens at Bornholmer Straße","events.1989-bornholmer.place":"Bösebrücke, Bornholmer Straße","events.1990-unity":"Reunification night at the Reichstag","events.1990-unity.place":"Reichstag","events.1995-wrapped-reichstag":"The Wrapped Reichstag","events.1995-wrapped-reichstag.place":"Reichstag","events.1999-bundestag":"The Bundestag moves into the Reichstag","events.1999-bundestag.place":"Reichstag","events.2005-holocaust-memorial":"Holocaust Memorial inaugurated","events.2005-holocaust-memorial.place":"Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe","events.2006-world-cup-final":"World Cup final","events.2006-world-cup-final.place":"Olympiastadion","events.2009-bolt":"Bolt runs 100 m in 9.58","events.2009-bolt.place":"Olympiastadion","events.2016-breitscheidplatz":"Attack on the Christmas market","events.2016-breitscheidplatz.place":"Breitscheidplatz","events.2024-euro-final":"Euro final","events.2024-euro-final.place":"Olympiastadion","events.also":"Also here, {days}: {title}","events.buildingsNote":"Close up, {lit} of the {n} events light their building, {buildings} buildings in all, checked by hand.","events.legend.building":"Close up, its building, lit for a year from its day","events.legend.event":"A diamond from far away, or where no building stands for it","events.legend.roof":"Then an amber roof outline","events.legend.unsure":"Hollow: the table says it needs checking","events.lp":"Event, {days}","events.monument":"Monument","events.monumentNo":"on the monument list, no. {id}","events.more":"and {n} more here","events.needsChecking":"Needs checking","events.needsCheckingNote":"the table has not confirmed this row yet","events.note":"The project's table of {n} events from {first} to {last}, widely known and placed more precisely than “Berlin”, each from its sources, {verified} of them verified. Where the place is no longer a building, the label names the site and, where its sources say, what stands there now.","events.shownBy":"Events by {year}","events.source":"Source: {sites}","events.sources":"Sources: {sites}","events.span":"{a} to {b}","events.unit":"Each event at its place, from its day on","events.where":"Where","face.cost":"What it costs","face.grew":"When it grew","face.group":"The map's two faces","fuel.biogas":"biogas","fuel.gas":"natural gas","fuel.hardCoal":"hard coal","fuel.heavyOil":"heavy fuel oil","fuel.landfillGas":"landfill gas","fuel.lightOil":"light fuel oil","fuel.lignite":"lignite","fuel.oil":"fuel oil","fuel.other":"other","fuel.wood":"wood","ground.contours":"Contours every {step} m","ground.parkTrees":"Park trees, part of them","ground.parkTreesNote":"Its second layer holds part of the trees in green spaces, as its record says: {withYear} with a planting year, {withoutYear} without.","ground.railways":"Railways","ground.streets":"Streets, main roads brighter","ground.title":"On the ground","ground.today":"Streets and railways as today, in every year.","ground.trees":"Street trees","ground.treesNote":"The tree register holds only the trees standing today: {withYear} street trees with a planting year, {withoutYear} without.","heat.atNight":"At night","heat.block":"Block, the city's climate model of {year}","heat.byDay":"By day","heat.day":"Day, PET at 14:00","heat.night":"Night, air at 04:00","heat.note":"Indicative: the city's model; the area's values, not one building's.","heat.street":"Street area, the city's climate model of {year}","heat.when":"Day or night","history.belt.name":"Hobrecht's tenement belt","history.belt.who":"Hobrecht's plan of 1862 set out where the streets ran, and tenements with back courtyards filled them","history.belt.years":"The blocks of the 1870s to 1918 standing today","history.block":"Courtyard block","history.blockNote":"A block of the city's structure map of 2024, as it stands today; words from the German Wikipedia article \"{article}\".","history.britz.name":"Horseshoe Estate, Britz","history.britz.who":"Designed by Bruno Taut and Martin Wagner, gardens by Leberecht Migge","history.britz.years":"Built 1925 to 1933","history.bufferNote":"The buffer zone around the World Heritage estate, as the city's World Heritage map draws it.","history.bufferOf":"Buffer zone of {name}","history.carllegien.name":"Carl Legien Estate","history.carllegien.who":"Designed by Bruno Taut and Franz Hillinger","history.carllegien.years":"Built 1928 to 1930","history.corbusierhaus.name":"Corbusierhaus","history.corbusierhaus.who":"Le Corbusier's Unité d'habitation for the Interbau, whose designs some read as West Berlin's answer to East Berlin's new buildings","history.corbusierhaus.years":"Built 1956 to 1958","history.count.belt":"{n} blocks","history.count.estates":"{n} estates","history.count.showcases":"{n} areas","history.estates.name":"Siedlungen der Berliner Moderne","history.estates.who":"Six estates built between the 1910s and the 1930s. A seventh, the Waldsiedlung Zehlendorf, joined in 2026 and isn't drawn","history.estates.years":"UNESCO World Heritage since July 2008","history.falkenberg.name":"Falkenberg Garden City","history.falkenberg.who":"Designed by Bruno Taut","history.falkenberg.years":"Built 1913 to 1916","history.gropiusstadt.name":"Gropiusstadt","history.gropiusstadt.who":"A large estate in West Berlin","history.gropiusstadt.years":"Built 1962 to 1975","history.hansaviertel.name":"Hansaviertel, Interbau 1957","history.hansaviertel.who":"A showpiece of modern town planning","history.hansaviertel.years":"Built 1955 to 1960","history.hellersdorf.name":"Hellersdorf","history.hellersdorf.who":"A large prefabricated estate","history.hellersdorf.years":"The new estate of the 1980s","history.kma1.name":"Karl-Marx-Allee, first section (Stalinallee)","history.kma1.who":"The GDR's showpiece street","history.kma1.years":"Built in the 1950s","history.kma2.name":"Karl-Marx-Allee, second section","history.kma2.who":"Prefabricated buildings of the 1960s, built with the new Alexanderplatz","history.kma2.years":"Finished in the late 1960s","history.legend.block":"Courtyard block, 1870s to 1918","history.legend.buffer":"Its buffer zone","history.legend.east":"East Berlin","history.legend.estate":"World Heritage estate","history.legend.west":"West Berlin","history.loading":"Loading the layers","history.lp.east":"East Berlin","history.lp.estates":"UNESCO World Heritage","history.lp.west":"West Berlin","history.maerkisches.name":"Märkisches Viertel","history.maerkisches.who":"About 17,000 flats, built for up to 50,000 people","history.maerkisches.years":"Built 1963 to 1974","history.marzahn.name":"Marzahn","history.marzahn.who":"The GDR's largest estate, mostly prefabricated","history.marzahn.years":"From 1977","history.note":"Outlines from Geoportal Berlin (dl-de/zero-2.0), simplified by 1 m. The tenement belt is the blocks standing today, not Hobrecht's plan of 1862, which exists only as a scan. Names, years and makers quote German Wikipedia, checked row by row.","history.schillerpark.name":"Schillerpark Estate","history.schillerpark.who":"Designed by Bruno Taut","history.schillerpark.years":"Built from 1924","history.showcases.name":"Showcases and large estates, East and West","history.showcases.who":"East Berlin's Stalinallee and West Berlin's Interbau, which some read as the West's answer to it. The West built large estates from the 1960s, the East from the 1970s","history.showcases.years":"From 1949","history.siemensstadt.name":"Siemensstadt Estate (Ring Estate)","history.siemensstadt.who":"Laid out by Hans Scharoun, with Walter Gropius and others","history.siemensstadt.years":"Built 1929 to 1931","history.source":"From the German Wikipedia article \"{article}\"; outline: Geoportal Berlin.","history.src.belt":"Sources: Geoportal Berlin (Stadtstruktur 2024, Umweltatlas, types 1 to 3); Wikipedia, \"Hobrecht-Plan\" and \"Mietskaserne\".","history.src.estates":"Sources: Geoportal Berlin (Welterbestätten Berlin); Wikipedia, \"Siedlungen der Berliner Moderne\" and each estate's article.","history.src.showcases":"Sources: Geoportal Berlin (Denkmale, Großsiedlungen); Wikipedia, each area's article. East or West by the map's border of 1989.","history.tenement.name":"Tenement","history.tenement.who":"A city house of several storeys around one or more courtyards, for workers and clerks","history.tenement.years":"From industrialisation","history.type":"Type","history.type.1":"Dense courtyard blocks, closed back courtyard (1870s to 1918), 5 to 6 storeys","history.type.2":"Closed blocks, back courtyard (1870s to 1918), 5 storeys","history.type.3":"Closed and half-open blocks, ornamental and garden courtyard (1870s to 1918), 4 storeys","history.unit":"Switch a layer on or off. Buildings in a layer shown keep their period colours; the others step back.","history.weissestadt.name":"White City","history.weissestadt.who":"Designed by Otto Rudolf Salvisberg, Bruno Ahrends and Wilhelm Büning","history.weissestadt.years":"Built 1928 to 1931","land.euros":"€{v} per m²","land.gfz":"Floor area ratio","land.note":"The zone's average for land of its use, not a price paid for one plot.","land.passport":"Land value, 1 January {year}","land.use":"Use","land.use.0":"Forest","land.use.1":"Commercial","land.use.10":"Grassland","land.use.11":"Farmland","land.use.12":"Market gardening","land.use.13":"Grassland","land.use.14":"Grassland","land.use.15":"Grassland","land.use.16":"Mixed building land","land.use.17":"Core area","land.use.18":"Retail centre","land.use.19":"Mixed area","land.use.2":"Commercial","land.use.20":"Special: leisure and tourism","land.use.21":"Weekend houses","land.use.22":"Other land","land.use.23":"Cemetery","land.use.24":"Allotment gardens","land.use.25":"Other land: special use","land.use.26":"Sports ground","land.use.27":"Residential","land.use.28":"Residential","land.use.29":"Residential: one- and two-family houses","land.use.3":"Commercial: leisure and tourism","land.use.30":"Residential: apartment buildings","land.use.4":"Commercial: retail and services","land.use.5":"Public use","land.use.6":"Commercial: production","land.use.7":"Farmland","land.use.8":"Market gardening","land.use.9":"Forest","land.value":"Land value","land.zone":"Land value zone, 1 January {year}","lang.de":"German","lang.en":"English","lang.group":"Language","layers.1989":"1989","layers.damage.1":"No damage marked","layers.damage.2":"Damaged, repairable","layers.damage.3":"Destroyed","layers.later":"{site}; built later","layers.sector.1":"East Berlin, Soviet sector","layers.sector.2":"West Berlin, American sector","layers.sector.3":"West Berlin, British sector","layers.sector.4":"West Berlin, French sector","layers.sector.5":"East Germany (West Staaken)","layers.site.1":"No damage marked","layers.site.2":"Site marked damaged","layers.site.3":"Site marked destroyed","layers.strip":"Stood in the death strip","layers.stripLater":"Built on the former death strip","layers.survey":"1945 survey","layers.wall":"Wall","legend.aria":"Legend","legend.borderWall":"The border wall","legend.deathStrip":"The death strip","legend.hinterlandWall":"The hinterland wall","legend.lead.ages":"The share of residents in the age group picked in each planning area, from fewer than in Berlin to more than in Berlin.","legend.lead.ages.short":"Each planning area's share of the age group, from fewer than in Berlin to more than in Berlin.","legend.lead.built":"Each building in the colour of the years it went up: reds and oranges until 1918, gold 1919-1949, greens 1950-1979, blues and violets 1980-2009, pale teal since 2010.","legend.lead.built.estates":"6 of the 7 World Heritage estates, Hobrecht's tenement belt and the showcases and large estates of East and West, in their period colours. The rest step back.","legend.lead.built.estates.short":"World Heritage estates, Hobrecht's tenement belt, the showcases of East and West, in their period colours.","legend.lead.built.short":"Built: reds and oranges until 1918, gold to 1949, greens to 1979, blues and violets to 2009, pale teal from 2010.","legend.lead.heat.day":"How hot a clear summer afternoon feels in each block and street, by the city's climate model of 2022. The hottest in red and pink.","legend.lead.heat.day.short":"How hot a clear summer afternoon feels in each block and street. The hottest in red and pink.","legend.lead.heat.night":"How warm the air stays at 04:00 on a clear summer night in each block and street, by the city's climate model of 2022: blue 17 °C or less, red over 19 °C.","legend.lead.heat.night.short":"How warm the air stays on a clear summer night: blue 17 °C or less, red over 19 °C.","legend.lead.history":"Where 42 events of Berlin history took place, each from its day on. Close up, an event's building, where there is one, is lit for a year, then keeps an amber roof outline.","legend.lead.history.short":"Where 42 events of Berlin history took place, each from its day on.","legend.lead.kept":"The buildings on Berlin's monument list in the colour of when they were built. Everything else steps back.","legend.lead.noise":"How loud each home is at its loudest facade, by the city's noise map of 2022: the homes at the level picked or louder, the loudest in red. Quieter homes step back.","legend.lead.noise.short":"How loud each home is at its loudest facade, 2022: at the level picked or louder, the loudest in red.","legend.lead.rails":"U-Bahn and tram lines in the colour of the era they opened in, the S-Bahn by its line's first railway, 1946-1989 one colour in the East, another in West Berlin. Dashed: the S-Bahn before its trains ran on electricity.","legend.lead.rails.short":"U-Bahn and trams by the era they opened in, 1946-1989 one colour in the East, another in West Berlin.","legend.lead.rent":"The average net rent per m² of the rented flats in each 100 m square of the 2022 census, from under €6 to €12 and more.","legend.lead.rent.land":"Land values in € per m² of land, zone by zone on 1 January of the year shown, from under €25 to €6,400 and more. Each is the zone's average for its use, not a price paid.","legend.lead.rent.land.short":"Land values in € per m² of land, zone by zone on 1 January of the year shown.","legend.lead.rent.short":"Average net rent per m² in each 100 m square, 2022 census, from under €6 to €12 and more.","legend.lead.roofs":"Gold: how well each roof suits solar panels, by the city's model of 2025. Violet: listed, needs heritage consent. Lit: the buildings with a system over 30 kWp, from the year it went into operation.","legend.lead.roofs.short":"Gold: how well each roof suits solar panels. Violet: listed. Lit: a system over 30 kWp.","legend.lead.survived.1945":"Buildings from before 1945 in the colour of what the survey of 1945 marked on their site: destroyed, damaged or none marked. Inner city only.","legend.lead.survived.1945.short":"Buildings before 1945 by the survey of 1945: destroyed, damaged or none marked. Inner city only.","legend.lead.survived.sectors":"1989: each building in the colour of its sector, Soviet, American, British or French, with the Wall and the death strip on the ground.","legend.lead.survived.sectors.short":"1989: each building in its sector's colour, Soviet, American, British or French.","legend.lead.survived.sides":"1989: each building in the colour of its side of the Wall, East or West, with the Wall and the death strip on the ground.","legend.lead.survived.sides.short":"1989: each building in the colour of its side of the Wall, East or West.","legend.lead.techno":"The clubs at the places their sources give, for the years they were open. Close up, a club's building, where one stands, is lit while it's open, then keeps a violet roof outline.","legend.lead.techno.short":"The clubs at the places their sources give, for the years they were open.","legend.lead.todo":"Today's museums, theatres and galleries, green spaces and places to swim, with rings of 10, 20 and 30 minutes on foot as the crow flies.","legend.lead.todo.short":"Museums, theatres, galleries, green spaces and places to swim, with rings of 10, 20 and 30 minutes on foot.","legend.lead.warm":"What mainly heats each block in 2000 and 2005, and each 100 m census square in 2022. Blue is district heating, amber is gas, brown is oil.","legend.lead.warm.short":"What mainly heats each block, or each 100 m square in 2022. Blue: district heating, amber: gas, brown: oil.","legend.loading.10":"Loading the places","legend.loading.8":"Loading the clubs","legend.loading.9":"Loading the events","legend.mode.0":"Period","legend.mode.10":"Places","legend.mode.2":"Noise","legend.mode.3":"1989","legend.mode.4":"1945","legend.mode.5":"Transit","legend.mode.6":"History","legend.mode.7":"Listed","legend.mode.8":"Clubs","legend.mode.9":"Events","legend.modes":"Colour the buildings by","legend.sector":"{name} sector","legend.sectorBorders":"Borders between the western sectors","legend.title.0":"Built in","legend.title.10":"Places to go, today","legend.title.2":"Noise at home","legend.title.3":"Berlin in 1989","legend.title.4":"Damage in 1945","legend.title.5":"U-Bahn, S-Bahn and trams by the year they opened","legend.title.6":"Layers of history","legend.title.7":"Listed monuments by when they were built","legend.title.8":"Clubs by the years they were open","legend.title.9":"Events at their places, from their day","lens.ages":"Young and old","lens.ages0.note":"Residents registered at their main home on 30 June 2026 in each of the city's 542 planning areas (the statistics office's report A I 16), its age bands summed into four groups. An area's colour says whether its share of the group is below, about or above the group's share in all of Berlin, given at the top of the legend. Its hover says by how much. The values are a planning area's, not one building's.","lens.ages0.title":"Residents under 18","lens.ages1.note":"Residents registered at their main home on 30 June 2026 in each of the city's 542 planning areas (the statistics office's report A I 16), its age bands summed into four groups. An area's colour says whether its share of the group is below, about or above the group's share in all of Berlin, given at the top of the legend. Its hover says by how much. The values are a planning area's, not one building's.","lens.ages1.title":"Residents aged 18 to 44","lens.ages2.note":"Residents registered at their main home on 30 June 2026 in each of the city's 542 planning areas (the statistics office's report A I 16), its age bands summed into four groups. An area's colour says whether its share of the group is below, about or above the group's share in all of Berlin, given at the top of the legend. Its hover says by how much. The values are a planning area's, not one building's.","lens.ages2.title":"Residents aged 45 to 64","lens.ages3.note":"Residents registered at their main home on 30 June 2026 in each of the city's 542 planning areas (the statistics office's report A I 16), its age bands summed into four groups. An area's colour says whether its share of the group is below, about or above the group's share in all of Berlin, given at the top of the legend. Its hover says by how much. The values are a planning area's, not one building's.","lens.ages3.title":"Residents 65 and over","lens.areas":"Counted in blocks and street areas, the city's model of {year}","lens.blocks":"Counted in blocks, the heating map of {year}","lens.buildings":"Counted in buildings, the city's model, made in {year}","lens.cells":"Counted in 100 m census cells, {year}","lens.changed":"Data changed: classed by the map.","lens.changedAreas":"Data changed: outlines simplified by 1 m.","lens.changedBlocks":"Data changed: outlines simplified by 2 m.","lens.changedZones":"Data changed: overlapping zones resolved, outlines simplified by 2 m.","lens.documented":"As published","lens.energy.c0":"District heating","lens.energy.c1":"Gas","lens.energy.c2":"Heating oil","lens.energy.c3":"Coal","lens.energy.c4":"Night-storage electricity","lens.energy.c5":"Mixed: no carrier predominant","lens.energy.note":"2000 and 2005: the share of each block's heated floor area by carrier, from the Umweltatlas, with the city's own predominant type (a carrier over 40% and more than 20 points ahead of the next). 2022: buildings with homes per 100 m cell by their main heating, from the census, hatched where the published counts cover under half of a cell's buildings. They measure different things on different areas: compare the pictures, not the numbers. Plants: each fuel's share of the plant's use (2000, 2004) or the fuels the layer lists for it (2020); amounts are not shown (no unit stated), nor CO2 (its year unclear).","lens.energy.title":"Heating, 2000 to 2022","lens.group":"Lenses","lens.heat":"Heat","lens.heatDay.c0":"29 °C or less: weak heat stress","lens.heatDay.c1":"29 to 31 °C: moderate","lens.heatDay.c2":"31 to 33 °C: moderate","lens.heatDay.c3":"33 to 35 °C: moderate","lens.heatDay.c4":"35 to 37 °C: strong","lens.heatDay.c5":"37 to 39 °C: strong","lens.heatDay.c6":"39 to 41 °C: strong","lens.heatDay.c7":"41 to 42 °C: extreme","lens.heatDay.c8":"Over 42 °C: extreme","lens.heatDay.note":"The physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) at 14:00 on a clear summer day, mean over each block and street area, from the city's climate model of 2022, in the city's classes and the map's own colours, cool where the model finds little heat stress (indicative: a model). Counts: areas.","lens.heatDay.title":"Heat by day","lens.heatNight.c0":"17 °C or less: very favourable","lens.heatNight.c1":"17 to 18 °C: favourable","lens.heatNight.c2":"18 to 19 °C: less favourable","lens.heatNight.c3":"Over 19 °C: unfavourable","lens.heatNight.note":"The air temperature at 04:00 on a clear summer night, mean over each block and street area, from the city's climate model of 2022, in the city's classes and the map's own colours (indicative: a model). Counts: areas.","lens.heatNight.title":"Heat at night","lens.heating":"Heating","lens.heating.c0":"District heating","lens.heating.c1":"Gas","lens.heating.c2":"Heating oil","lens.heating.c3":"Heat pumps, solar, geothermal","lens.heating.c4":"Electricity","lens.heating.c5":"Wood and biomass","lens.heating.c6":"Coal","lens.heating.c7":"No heating","lens.indicative":"indicative","lens.inferred":"Inferred","lens.land":"Land value","lens.land.c0":"Under 25","lens.land.c1":"25 to 100","lens.land.c2":"100 to 200","lens.land.c3":"200 to 400","lens.land.c4":"400 to 800","lens.land.c5":"800 to 1,600","lens.land.c6":"1,600 to 3,200","lens.land.c7":"3,200 to 6,400","lens.land.c8":"6,400 and more","lens.land.note":"The land values (Bodenrichtwerte) of the Gutachterausschuss für Grundstückswerte in Berlin, in euros per m² of land, zone by zone on 1 January of each year from 2002 (earlier years exist only as scans in DM). A zone's value is an average for land of its use, not a price paid for one plot. Where zones overlap the smallest is drawn. Counts: zone areas as drawn.","lens.land.title":"Land value","lens.land.unit":"€ per m² of land","lens.loading":"Loading the lens","lens.modelled":"Modelled: indicative","lens.planning":"Share of the residents per planning area, 30 June {year}","lens.pv.note":"Gold is the city's model of 2025 of how well each roof suits solar panels, so indicative. A building lights up from the year its first system over 30 kWp went into operation, as the Marktstammdatenregister stood on 9 February 2026: the building at the system's address in the register, or where that finds none, the one its point falls in or lies within 15 m of. Systems up to 30 kWp have no published place, so the hover gives their sum per postcode.","lens.pv.title":"Solar on the roofs, possible and built","lens.rent":"Rent","lens.rent.c0":"Under 6","lens.rent.c1":"6-7","lens.rent.c2":"7-8","lens.rent.c3":"8-9","lens.rent.c4":"9-10","lens.rent.c5":"10-12","lens.rent.c6":"12 and more","lens.rent.note":"The average net rent per m² of the rented flats in each 100 m cell, 2022 census. Hatched: the census marks the value as uncertain. Cells without a value have no rented flats or had it withheld.","lens.rent.title":"Net rent, € per m²","lens.solar":"Solar","lens.solar.c0":"High suitability","lens.solar.c1":"Medium suitability","lens.solar.c2":"Low suitability","lens.solar.c3":"Listed, suitable roof: needs heritage consent","lens.solar.c4":"Listed, no suitable roof","lens.solar.c5":"No suitable roof, or no data","lens.solar.note":"Each building takes the suitability of most of its suitable roof area. The city's model, made from its 3D city model in 2025, so indicative, coloured for this map. Listed buildings carry the solar layer's own flag: panels on a listed building need the heritage authority's consent, given case by case. Counts: buildings.","lens.solar.title":"Solar potential of the roofs","lens.source":"Source:","lens.uncertain":"Uncertain","lens.withheld":"No value: withheld or zero","lens.zones":"Counted in zone areas as drawn, 1 January {year}, € per m² of land","link.github":"https://github.com/anubhavdas1993-bit","listed.areaNote":"From the city's monument map, with the name from Wikidata.","listed.areaNoteUnnamed":"From the city's monument map.","listed.byPeriod":"Listed buildings by period","listed.kind.complex":"Complex","listed.kind.ensemble":"Ensemble","listed.kind.garden":"Garden monument","listed.kind.ground":"Archaeological monument","listed.kind.structure":"Listed structure","listed.layer.buildings":"Listed buildings","listed.layer.ensembles":"Ensembles and complexes","listed.layer.gardens":"Garden and archaeological monuments","listed.legend.ensemble":"Ensemble or complex","listed.legend.garden":"Garden monument","listed.legend.ground":"Archaeological monument","listed.legend.structure":"Listed structure that is not a building: a bridge, part of the Wall, a statue","listed.loading":"Loading the monument list","listed.lp":"Listed monument","listed.note":"The city's monument map gives no years, so the buildings keep the map's own dating. {structures} of the {monuments} listed buildings' outlines are drawn as outlines, since the 3D model's buildings cover less than half of them.","listed.note.09075603":"The listed ensemble holds the Waldsiedlung Zehlendorf, the U-Bahn station Onkel Toms Hütte, the experimental estate Am Fischtal and the Fischtalpark: it is larger than the World Heritage estate, whose boundary the city publishes only as a PDF map.","listed.number":"Number","listed.type":"Type","listed.unit":"Switch a layer on or off. Listed buildings keep their period colours and the others step back.","loading":"Loading the city","loading.failed":"The map could not load. Reload the page to try again.","loading.reload":"Reload","mode.damage.c0":"Destroyed","mode.damage.c1":"Damaged, repairable","mode.damage.c2":"No damage marked","mode.damage.c3":"Built after 1945","mode.damage.c4":"No 1945 survey here","mode.damage.note":"From the survey of 1945, inner city only. It marks groups of buildings: one standing today on a site marked destroyed was rebuilt, restored or survived in part.","mode.divided.c0":"East","mode.divided.c1":"West","mode.divided.c2":"In the former death strip","mode.divided.note":"The Wall and the death strip from Berlin's map of 1989, the sectors from its districts of 1990. West Staaken, part of East Germany until 1990, counts as East, with the Soviet sector.","mode.divided.outside":"Beyond the city's border: BER","mode.divided.sector.1":"Soviet","mode.divided.sector.2":"American","mode.divided.sector.3":"British","mode.divided.sector.4":"French","mode.divided.view.aria":"The buildings in 1989","mode.divided.view.four":"Four sectors","mode.divided.view.sides":"East and West","mode.noise.c0":"Under 55 dB","mode.noise.c1":"55-59 dB","mode.noise.c2":"60-64 dB","mode.noise.c3":"65-69 dB","mode.noise.c4":"70-74 dB","mode.noise.c5":"75 dB and more","mode.noise.neutral":"Not a home","mode.noise.note":"Calculated for residential buildings only: the loudest facade, 2022. The level shown is L_DEN, a weighted 24-hour average. All sources count, the federal railways and industrial plants among them, which have no switch of their own. Other buildings stay neutral.","mode.period.note":"Greyed buildings: date estimated from the block type or neighbouring buildings, or built for BER","noise.andMore":"{db} dB and more","noise.atOrAbove":"{n} homes at {db} dB or more","noise.between":"{a}-{b} dB","noise.layerNote":"Calculated for residential buildings only: the loudest facade, {what}, 2022. {level} Other buildings stay neutral.","noise.layerNoteAll":"Calculated for residential buildings only: the loudest facade, 2022. {level} All sources count, the federal railways and industrial plants among them, which have no switch of their own. Other buildings stay neutral.","noise.neutralSource":"Not a home, or none from this source","noise.src.air":"air traffic at BER","noise.src.all":"all sources","noise.src.btn.air":"Air","noise.src.btn.all":"All","noise.src.btn.road":"Road","noise.src.btn.tram":"Tram, U-Bahn","noise.src.label":"Source","noise.src.road":"road traffic","noise.src.tram":"trams and the U-Bahn above ground","noise.time.btn.den":"24 hours","noise.time.btn.night":"Night","noise.time.den":"The level shown is L_DEN, a weighted 24-hour average.","noise.time.label":"Level","noise.time.night":"The level shown is L_Night, the night from 22:00 to 06:00.","noise.time.short.den":"24 hours","noise.time.short.night":"at night","noise.under":"Under {db} dB","notice.failed":"This area did not load.","notice.retry":"Try again","nowebgl.about":"How every building got its year","nowebgl.alt":"The map: central Berlin from above, its buildings coloured by the period they were built, the tenements of 1870-1918 in orange, post-war buildings in greens and blues, those built since 2010 in teal.","nowebgl.text":"This atlas draws Berlin's buildings in 3D with WebGL 2, which is switched off or missing here. Above is how the map looks. A recent Chrome, Firefox, Safari or Edge, with hardware acceleration on, will show it.","nowebgl.title":"This browser cannot draw the map","og.ages.desc":"Where Berlin's children and older residents live, by age group in the city's planning areas, from the statistics office's count of 30 June 2026.","og.alt":"A view of Berlin's buildings for the question: {q}","og.built.desc":"Every building standing in Berlin today, coloured by when it was built, from the oldest to 2026, and how sure each year is.","og.heat.desc":"The city's indicative climate model of 2022 by day and at night, block by block, and where the trees give shade.","og.history.desc":"Moments of Berlin's history at the buildings and places where they happened, each from its source.","og.home.alt":"A view of Berlin's buildings, coloured by the period each was built in","og.kept.desc":"The buildings on Berlin's monument list, with the listed ensembles, complexes, gardens and structures around them.","og.noise.desc":"How loud it is at home: the strategic noise map of 2022 at every residential building, over 24 hours and at night, from all sources together or from one alone: road traffic, trams and the U-Bahn above ground, or BER's air traffic.","og.rails.desc":"The U-Bahn, the S-Bahn and the trams growing year by year since 1865, with the network the Wall cut in 1961.","og.rent.desc":"Rents by the 2022 census and land values since 2002: where land prices ran away from the houses.","og.roofs.desc":"Every roof's solar potential in the city's indicative model beside the large systems already on it: what all the roofs give and what they could.","og.survived.desc":"The inner city's 1945 survey of destroyed and damaged buildings, and the divided city of 1989 with the Wall and the four sectors.","og.techno.desc":"Berlin's techno clubs where the project's table places them, each from its opening to its closing, as precisely as its sources say.","og.todo.desc":"Green spaces, bathing sites, museums, theatres, galleries, viewpoints and artworks, 10, 20 or 30 minutes away on foot as the crow flies.","og.warm.desc":"How Berlin is heated: block by block in the city's maps of 2000 and 2005, by 100 m square in the 2022 census, with its large heat and power plants.","page.canvas":"3D map of Berlin's buildings. Arrow keys move the map, with Shift they turn it; the + and - keys zoom.","page.dek":"Every building in Berlin, by the year it grew.","page.title.q":"{q} | {title}","panel.aria":"Building","panel.building":"A building","panel.close":"Close","panel.height":"Height","panel.heightModel":"{h} m (3D model)","panel.listed":"Listed","panel.listedLink":"Monument database","panel.listedValue":"Listed building, no. {id}","panel.listedYear":"Wikidata's date","panel.listedYearValue":"{year} (inception)","panel.more":"More below","panel.noise":"Noise","panel.noiseValue":"{db} dB at the loudest facade","panel.photo":"Photo: {author}, Wikimedia Commons","panel.readWikipedia":"Read on Wikipedia","panel.readWikipediaOther":"Read on Wikipedia, in German","panel.storeys":"Storeys","panel.use":"Use","panoramax.credit":"Street photo: {author}, {licence}, {day}, Panoramax","panoramax.someone":"a Panoramax contributor","passport.area":"Its area","passport.block":"block, indicative","passport.cell":"100 m cell","passport.groups":"groups of buildings","passport.heatBlock":"block, 2000 and 2005","passport.own":"This building","passport.zone":"zone","pct":"{p}%","period.p1.label":"Before 1870","period.p1.story":"Old Berlin: medieval core, baroque, Schinkel","period.p10.label":"2010-today","period.p10.story":"Growth city: Europacity, Mediaspree","period.p2.label":"1870-1918","period.p2.story":"Imperial capital: Hobrecht's tenement city","period.p3.label":"1919-1949","period.p3.story":"Weimar modernism, Nazi era, war","period.p4.label":"1950s","period.p4.story":"Rebuilding: Stalinallee, Interbau","period.p5.label":"1960s","period.p5.story":"The Wall years: Gropiusstadt, the TV Tower","period.p6.label":"1970s","period.p6.story":"Big estates: Märkisches Viertel, Marzahn begins","period.p7.label":"1980s","period.p7.story":"Plattenbau and the IBA","period.p8.label":"1990s","period.p8.story":"Reunification boom: Potsdamer Platz","period.p9.label":"2000s","period.p9.story":"New capital: government quarter, main station","places.also":"Also here: {name}","places.bathingNote":"Geoportal Berlin / Badegewässerqualität (CC BY 4.0).","places.eu.ausgezeichnet":"Excellent","places.eu.ausreichend":"Sufficient","places.eu.gut":"Good","places.eu.mangelhaft":"Poor","places.group.culture":"Culture","places.group.outdoors":"Outdoors","places.kind.artwork":"Artworks","places.kind.bathing":"Bathing sites","places.kind.gallery":"Galleries","places.kind.museum":"Museums","places.kind.theatre":"Theatres and arts centres","places.kind.viewpoint":"Viewpoints","places.laidOut":"Laid out","places.legend.cone":"A viewpoint's view, where OpenStreetMap gives its direction","places.legend.lit":"Close up, a museum's, theatre's or gallery's building, lit","places.note":"The city's register of public green spaces ({km2} km²) and its 39 EU bathing sites. Museums, theatres, galleries, viewpoints and artworks with a name from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors). Today's places, so every year shows them. The artworks show close up only. From far away only the best-known places are named, ranked by their Wikidata sitelinks.","places.osmNote":"© OpenStreetMap contributors.","places.park":"Green space","places.parkNote":"From the city's register of public green spaces (Geoportal Berlin).","places.parks":"Public green spaces","places.site":"Site","places.siteNote":"Its area on the city's monument map.","places.sites":"Sites that are not parks","places.size":"Size","places.unit":"Today's places: green spaces and three sites on the ground, the rest as icons","places.walk":"On foot","places.walkValue":"about {n} min in a straight line (indicative)","places.water":"Water quality (EU)","places.within":"Inside the ring / all","plant.fuels":"Fuels","plant.note":"Shares of the fuel used. Amounts are not shown (no unit stated), nor CO2 (its year unclear).","plant.note2020":"The fuels the layer lists for 2020; the layer states no unit for their amounts.","plant.operator":"Operator","plant.part":"Its part","plant.partValue":"{p}% of the fuel these plants used in {year}","plant.t.blockChp":"Block heat and power plant","plant.t.boiler":"Boiler plant","plant.t.chp":"Combined heat and power plant","plant.t.districtHeating":"District heating plant","plant.t.heating":"Heating plant","plant.t.other":"Plant","plant.t.power":"Power plant","plant.t.woodChp":"Wood-fired heat and power plant","plant.title":"Heat or power plant, {year}","plant.type":"Type","pv.buildingNote":"The roof from the city's model, indicative. The system from the Marktstammdatenregister, 9 February 2026.","pv.changed":"Data changed: systems matched to buildings, postcode sums shared among districts.","pv.chartAria":"A line rising from {first} to {last}, to {mwp} MWp","pv.chartNote":"Added up by each system's first day, as the register stood in 2026, so without systems already taken out of operation. The small ones have no day in the city's data.","pv.chartNow":"{mwp} MWp by {year}","pv.chartPoint":"{year}: {mwp} MWp, {n} systems","pv.chartPoint1":"{year}: {mwp} MWp, {n} system","pv.chartTitle":"MWp of systems over 30 kWp in operation","pv.density":"Per km² of the area","pv.districtShare":"its roofs give {share}% of what they could","pv.districts":"The 12 districts","pv.gap":"Berlin's roofs give {share}% of what they could","pv.gapHover":"Point at the map for a district's share.","pv.gapHow":"Every registered system on {day}, the small ones and the balcony plug-in units included, against what the suitable roofs could hold in the city's model, at 0.4 kWp per standard module.","pv.gapOf":"{installed} of a possible {possible} MWp are installed.","pv.installed":"Installed","pv.later":"a system over 30 kWp from {year}","pv.legend.lit":"A building with a system over 30 kWp, in operation by {year}","pv.legend.ring":"A system over 30 kWp in no building of the map, in operation by {year}","pv.listed":"Monument","pv.listedArea":"in a listed complex, ensemble or garden, no. {id}","pv.listedNo":"a listed building, no. {id}","pv.more":"{n} more systems","pv.more1":"{n} more system","pv.peak":"Peak power","pv.plugin":"Of them plug-in units","pv.postcode":"Postcode {plz}, {day}","pv.postcodeAt":"Postcode {plz}, systems up to 30 kWp","pv.postcodeNote":"The register gives a small system no street address, so the city sums them per postcode.","pv.share":"{share}%","pv.since":"Solar system, in operation since {day}","pv.small":"Systems up to 30 kWp","pv.systemNote":"From the Marktstammdatenregister, 9 February 2026, lit on the building at its register address, else the one its place falls in or is next to.","pv.systemNoteOutside":"From the Marktstammdatenregister, 9 February 2026. Its place is in no building of the map, nor within 15 m of one, and its address in the register finds none either, so it's a ring.","pv.units":"{n}, together {kwp} kWp","pv.use":"Use","pv.use.0":"Household","pv.use.1":"Commerce, trade and services","pv.use.2":"Public building","pv.use.3":"Industry","pv.use.4":"Agriculture","pv.use.5":"Other","q.ages.sub":"Where do Berlin's kids and grandparents live?","q.ages.title":"Which parts of Berlin are young, and which are old?","q.built.sub":"How old is my building?","q.built.title":"When did my building go up?","q.explore":"Explore","q.heat.sub":"Where can I hide from the summer heat?","q.heat.title":"How hot does it get, and who gets shade?","q.history.sub":"Can I stand today where it happened?","q.history.title":"Where did history happen?","q.kept.sub":"Which buildings is Berlin too fond of to tear down?","q.kept.title":"What did Berlin choose to keep?","q.menu":"Questions","q.menu.aria":"The questions the map answers","q.noise.sub":"Will my street let me sleep?","q.noise.title":"How loud is home?","q.rails.sub":"When did the trains come to my street?","q.rails.title":"How did the rails grow?","q.rent.sub":"Can I? And where did land prices run away from the houses?","q.rent.title":"Who can still afford to live here?","q.roofs.sub":"Could Berlin's roofs run on sunshine?","q.roofs.title":"Could the roofs power the city?","q.story":"Story","q.survived.sub":"What made it through the bombs and the Wall?","q.survived.title":"What survived the war and the Wall?","q.techno.sub":"Where was Berlin techno born?","q.techno.title":"Where did techno grow?","q.theme.buildings":"Buildings","q.theme.feels":"How it feels","q.todo.sub":"What should I do this weekend?","q.todo.title":"What is there to do?","q.view.lens.land":"Land value","q.view.lens.rent":"Rent","q.view.lens.solar.installed":"Installed","q.view.lens.solar.potential":"Potential","q.view.mode.0":"Built","q.view.mode.3":"The divided city","q.view.mode.4":"The 1945 survey","q.view.mode.6":"Estates and showcases","q.views":"What the map shows","q.warm.sub":"What keeps Berlin warm in winter?","q.warm.title":"How is Berlin kept warm?","search.address":"Address","search.failed":"The search could not load. Type again to try once more.","search.label":"Search for an address, a landmark or a street","search.landmark":"Landmark","search.nearest":"Number {n} is not listed; this is the nearest on the same side","search.none":"No Berlin address, landmark or street found for “{q}”. Try a street and number.","search.placeholder":"Address, landmark or street","search.results":"Search results","search.street":"Street","share.alt.estimate":"Berlin's buildings as tree rings, one ring per decade from the 1850s to the 2020s, none of them marked","share.building":"A building in {district}","share.credit":"{title}, by Anubhav Das","share.estimate":"Berlin's buildings as tree rings, one for each decade from the 1850s to the 2020s. This building's date is an estimate, so no ring is marked.","share.title.about":"{name} · built c. {y}","share.title.before":"{name} · built before {y}, estimated","share.title.decade":"{name} · built in the {y}s, estimated","share.title.since":"{name} · built {y} or later, estimated","share.title.span":"{name} · built {from}-{to}, estimated","share.title.year":"{name} · built {y}","sheds.label":"Garages and sheds","sheds.story":"Under 50 m² and dated only by the buildings around them","site.subtitle":"Jahresringe","site.title":"Berlin, an Atlas of Questions","solar.consent":"{what}: solar panels need heritage consent","solar.flag":"the solar layer's flag","solar.listed":"Heritage","solar.none":"No suitable roof","solar.note":"Indicative: the city's model. Click for the roof's area.","solar.roof":"Solar roof","solar.roofValue":"{what}: {m2} m² suitable, {n} standard modules","solar.title":"Solar potential, the city's model, made in {year}","solar.type.0":"Listed building","solar.type.1":"Ensemble","solar.type.2":"Complex","solar.type.3":"Garden monument","solar.type.4":"Listed","source.0.how":"The year comes from Wikidata.","source.0.label":"Year from Wikidata","source.1.how":"The year comes from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL).","source.1.label":"Year from OpenStreetMap","source.10.how":"Built for BER airport, between the start of its construction in 2006 and its opening on 31 October 2020; from Brandenburg's 3D building model (© GeoBasis-DE/LGB, dl-de/by-2-0, Daten geändert).","source.10.label":"Built for BER, estimated","source.2.how":"The year comes from OpenHistoricalMap.","source.2.label":"Year from OpenHistoricalMap","source.3.how":"Built since 2009: its roof first appears on the city's aerial photo of {year}.","source.3.label":"Built since 2009, year from aerial photos","source.4.how":"Its period comes from Berlin's building-age map of 1992/93.","source.4.label":"Period from the 1992/93 building-age map","source.5.how":"Estimated from the 2022 census, which counts buildings with homes by age for each square kilometre and 100 m square.","source.5.label":"Estimated from the 2022 census for this square","source.6.how":"Estimated from the city's 2016 map of residential building age for this block.","source.6.label":"Estimated from the 2016 map of residential building age for this block","source.7.how":"Estimated from the type of its city block.","source.7.label":"Estimated from the type of city block","source.8.how":"Estimated from the buildings around it.","source.8.label":"Estimated from neighbouring buildings","source.9.how":"The year was checked by hand against Wikipedia.","source.9.label":"Year checked against Wikipedia","start.all":"All 13 questions","start.aria":"Ways into the map","start.explore":"Explore the map","start.resume":"Resume the story","start.story":"Story: {q}","start.watch":"Watch Berlin grow","start.watch.meta":"1 min","story.play":"Play the story","timeline.count":"{n} buildings","timeline.pause":"Pause","timeline.play":"Play","timeline.slider":"Year: buildings standing by then; drag or use the arrow keys","timeline.today":"Today","today.ago":"{n} days ago","today.club.closes":"{name} closes, {where}","today.club.closesSomewhere":"{name} closes","today.club.moves":"{name} opens at a new site, {where}","today.club.opens":"{name} opens, {where}","today.club.opensSomewhere":"{name} opens","today.cut":"The border cuts through the S-Bahn and the U-Bahn","today.date":"{day} {month} {year}","today.in":"In {n} days","today.line":"{when}, {date}. {fact}.","today.month.1":"January","today.month.10":"October","today.month.11":"November","today.month.12":"December","today.month.2":"February","today.month.3":"March","today.month.4":"April","today.month.5":"May","today.month.6":"June","today.month.7":"July","today.month.8":"August","today.month.9":"September","today.on":"On this day","today.parade.1989-07-01":"About 150 people dance the first Love Parade along the Kurfürstendamm","today.parade.1996-07-13":"The Love Parade moves to the Straße des 17. Juni","today.parade.2006-07-15":"Berlin's last Love Parade, on the Straße des 17. Juni","today.station.S":"S-Bahn trains first stop at the station known today as {name}","today.station.U":"The U-Bahn station known today as {name} opens","today.tomorrow":"Tomorrow","today.yesterday":"Yesterday","tools.about":"About","tools.aria":"Map","tools.home":"Home","tools.homeTitle":"Back to the opening view, north up","tools.imprint":"Imprint","tools.imprint.href":"impressum/","tools.legal":"Imprint and privacy","tools.legend":"Legend","tools.privacy":"Privacy","tools.privacy.href":"datenschutz/","tour.act":"{n} of {m}: {eyebrow}","tour.aria":"The story","tour.back":"Back","tour.controls":"Story controls","tour.next":"Next","tour.pause":"Pause","tour.resume":"Resume","tour.skip":"Skip","tour.sources":"Sources","tour.steps":"Act {n} of {m}","tour.wikipedia":"Wikipedia, {title}","tour.wikipediaOther":"Wikipedia (German), {title}","tram.byWestLast":"by {y} at the latest, when West Berlin's last tram ran","tram.dated":"Dated tram line","tram.event":"Tram","tram.event.1865-first-horse-tram":"First horse tram, from the Brandenburg Gate to Charlottenburg","tram.event.1881-first-electric-tram":"The world's first electric tram, in Groß-Lichterfelde","tram.event.1895-electric-wollankstrasse":"An electric tram runs along Wollankstraße","tram.event.1902-all-electric":"The whole network runs on electricity","tram.event.1929-bvg":"The BVG starts operating","tram.event.1938-network":"71 tram lines and over 600 km of network","tram.event.1945-trams-again":"The first trams run again","tram.event.1945-war-stop":"War damage halts the whole network","tram.event.1949-bvg-split":"The BVG splits into West and East","tram.event.1953-east-west-cut":"No more trams between East and West","tram.event.1953-east-west-cut.note":"A chronology on berlin.de says the building of the Wall in 1961 cut the last lines between East and West.","tram.event.1954-kurfuerstendamm":"The last tram on the Kurfürstendamm","tram.event.1954-west-decision":"West Berlin buys buses instead of new trams","tram.event.1963-line-44":"Line 44 and 4 more lines close","tram.event.1964-line-2":"Line 2 along Alt-Moabit closes","tram.event.1967-alexanderplatz-closed":"Trams leave Alexanderplatz","tram.event.1967-last-west-tram":"West Berlin's last tram, line 55","tram.event.1979-marzahn":"New line 18 opens up Marzahn","tram.event.1988-falkenberg":"Trams run on past Prerower Platz in Hohenschönhausen","tram.event.1991-hellersdorf":"A new line from Marzahn into Hellersdorf","tram.event.1992-bvg-reunited":"BVG and BVB become one company again","tram.event.1995-back-to-the-west":"Trams cross back into the West over the Bösebrücke","tram.event.1997-am-kupfergraben":"The Am Kupfergraben loop reopens, now with a stop at Friedrichstraße station","tram.event.1998-alexanderplatz-again":"Trams cross Alexanderplatz again","tram.event.2000-warschauer-strasse":"Over the Warschauer Brücke to Warschauer Straße station","tram.event.2006-nordbahnhof":"Along Bernauer Straße to Nordbahnhof","tram.event.2011-adlershof":"Trams reach the Adlershof science city","tram.event.2014-hauptbahnhof":"The first tram to the Hauptbahnhof","tram.event.2015-hauptbahnhof-regular":"M5, M8 and M10 run to the Hauptbahnhof","tram.event.2021-schoeneweide":"A new line from Adlershof to Schöneweide","tram.event.2023-turmstrasse":"The M10 reaches Turmstraße in Moabit","tram.eventSource":"Source: {sites}","tram.eventSources":"Sources: {sites}","tram.kind":"Tram","tram.legend.dated":"Stretch of tram line, in the colour of the era it opened in","tram.legend.event":"A tram event, from its day","tram.legend.removed":"Stretch of tram line after it closed","tram.legend.undated":"Stretch of tram line the data does not date: drawn in every year trams may have run on it","tram.needsChecking":"Needs checking","tram.needsCheckingNote":"the table has not confirmed this row yet","tram.notInData":"not in the data","tram.note":"Trams: OpenHistoricalMap's {ways} stretches of tram line (CC0) with the dates its contributors give, counted per track, so their kilometres are not the network's length. A stretch the data does not date is never given a year: it is drawn from its opening, or from the first horse tram on 22 June 1865, to its closing, in West Berlin at the latest to its last tram on 2 October 1967, and in the East to today. Today's tracks the history does not cover come from ATKIS and show in today's year. Events from the project's table, each from its source.","tram.noteToday":"A track of today from ATKIS, without a date.","tram.noteWay":"A line from OpenHistoricalMap, with the dates its contributors give.","tram.removed":"Closed","tram.switch":"Trams","tram.today":"Today","tram.todayNote":"a track of today, its opening not in the data","tram.undated":"Tram line the data does not date","transit.airfield":"Airfield","transit.electric":"Electric trains","transit.era.e1":"To 1918","transit.era.e2":"1919 to 1945","transit.era.e3":"1946 to 1989, in the East","transit.era.e4":"1946 to 1989, in West Berlin","transit.era.e5":"1990 to today","transit.ghost":"Ghost station","transit.ghostWhen":"{span}: trains from the West passed without stopping (today the {lines})","transit.ghostWhenMany":"{span}: trains from the West passed without stopping (today the {lines})","transit.inUse":"In use","transit.kind.S":"S-Bahn","transit.kind.U":"U-Bahn","transit.legend.S":"S-Bahn, from its line's first railway","transit.legend.U":"U-Bahn","transit.legend.airfield":"Airfield in use, its runways and their numbers","transit.legend.cut":"Out of service: cut by the Wall, or idle from 1980","transit.legend.former":"Former airfield","transit.legend.ghost":"Ghost station, 1961 to 1992: trains passed without stopping","transit.legend.station":"Station","transit.legend.steam":"Dashed: the years before the trains ran on electricity","transit.lines":"Lines today","transit.loading":"Loading the lines","transit.noTrains":"No trains","transit.note":"Each stretch lights up in the year it opened as the timeline plays, then takes its era's colour. U-Bahn: OpenHistoricalMap's dated tracks (CC0) and Wikidata's stations. S-Bahn: each line from its opening as a railway, quoted from its Wikipedia article, dashed until its electric service began (Wikipedia's list of stations, or the line's article). East or West: West Berlin as the Wall enclosed it. The divided network and the airfields: Wikipedia, quoted row by row. Lines and outlines © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).","transit.opened":"Opened","transit.runways":"Runways","transit.runwaysAtClosing":"{refs}, their numbers when it closed","transit.since":"since {y}","transit.station.S":"S-Bahn station","transit.station.U":"U-Bahn station","transit.stretchNote":"This stretch, between two stations; the line is the one using it today.","transit.unit":"Kilometres of today's U-Bahn and S-Bahn track by the era it opened in","transit.unsourced":"A stretch without a sourced railway date shows from its electric service: {km} of the S-Bahn's {all} km.","use.31001_1000":"Residential building","use.31001_1010":"Residential building","use.31001_1020":"Residence hall or hostel","use.31001_1021":"Children's home","use.31001_1022":"Home for the elderly","use.31001_1023":"Nurses' residence","use.31001_1024":"Student or pupil residence","use.31001_1025":"School field-trip centre","use.31001_1100":"Mixed-use building with homes","use.31001_1110":"Homes with community use","use.31001_1120":"Homes with shops and services","use.31001_1130":"Homes with trade and industry","use.31001_1210":"Farm or forestry house","use.31001_1220":"Farm or forestry house with workplace","use.31001_1223":"Forester's lodge","use.31001_1310":"Leisure building","use.31001_1311":"Holiday house","use.31001_1312":"Weekend house","use.31001_1313":"Garden house","use.31001_2000":"Commercial building","use.31001_2010":"Building for shops and services","use.31001_2020":"Office building","use.31001_2030":"Bank","use.31001_2040":"Insurance office","use.31001_2050":"Retail building","use.31001_2051":"Department store","use.31001_2052":"Shopping centre","use.31001_2053":"Market hall","use.31001_2054":"Shop","use.31001_2055":"Kiosk","use.31001_2060":"Exhibition hall","use.31001_2070":"Building for accommodation","use.31001_2071":"Hotel, motel or guest house","use.31001_2072":"Youth hostel","use.31001_2074":"Campsite building","use.31001_2080":"Building for catering","use.31001_2081":"Restaurant or pub","use.31001_2083":"Canteen","use.31001_2090":"Leisure and entertainment venue","use.31001_2091":"Banqueting hall","use.31001_2092":"Cinema","use.31001_2093":"Bowling alley","use.31001_2094":"Casino","use.31001_2100":"Building for trade and industry","use.31001_2111":"Factory","use.31001_2120":"Workshop","use.31001_2130":"Petrol station","use.31001_2140":"Storage building","use.31001_2141":"Cold store","use.31001_2142":"Warehouse","use.31001_2143":"Warehouse or shed","use.31001_2150":"Haulage building","use.31001_2160":"Research building","use.31001_2180":"Staff welfare building","use.31001_2200":"Other building for trade and industry","use.31001_2211":"Windmill","use.31001_2310":"Shops and services with homes","use.31001_2320":"Trade and industry with homes","use.31001_2400":"Transport building","use.31001_2410":"Road transport building","use.31001_2411":"Road maintenance depot","use.31001_2412":"Maintenance hall","use.31001_2420":"Railway operations building","use.31001_2421":"Level-crossing keeper's house","use.31001_2422":"Engine or carriage shed","use.31001_2423":"Signal box","use.31001_2424":"Goods station building","use.31001_2430":"Airport operations building","use.31001_2431":"Aircraft hangar","use.31001_2440":"Shipping operations building","use.31001_2441":"Shipyard hall","use.31001_2442":"Dock hall","use.31001_2443":"Lock building","use.31001_2444":"Boathouse","use.31001_2460":"Parking building","use.31001_2461":"Multi-storey car park","use.31001_2462":"Parking deck","use.31001_2463":"Garage","use.31001_2464":"Vehicle hall","use.31001_2465":"Underground car park","use.31001_2500":"Utility building","use.31001_2510":"Water supply building","use.31001_2511":"Waterworks","use.31001_2512":"Pumping station","use.31001_2513":"Water tank","use.31001_2520":"Electricity supply building","use.31001_2521":"Power station","use.31001_2522":"Substation","use.31001_2523":"Transformer station","use.31001_2540":"Telecommunications building","use.31001_2560":"Building on underground pipes or cables","use.31001_2571":"Gasworks","use.31001_2580":"Heating plant","use.31001_2591":"Pumping station, not for water supply","use.31001_2600":"Waste disposal building","use.31001_2610":"Sewage building","use.31001_2611":"Sewage works building","use.31001_2612":"Toilet","use.31001_2620":"Waste treatment building","use.31001_2621":"Refuse bunker","use.31001_2622":"Waste incineration building","use.31001_2700":"Farm or forestry building","use.31001_2720":"Farm or forestry operations building","use.31001_2721":"Barn","use.31001_2723":"Shed","use.31001_2724":"Stable","use.31001_2726":"Barn and stable","use.31001_2727":"Large-scale livestock building","use.31001_2741":"Greenhouse","use.31001_2742":"Movable greenhouse","use.31001_3000":"Public building","use.31001_3010":"Administrative building","use.31001_3011":"Parliament","use.31001_3012":"Town hall","use.31001_3013":"Post office","use.31001_3014":"Customs office","use.31001_3015":"Court","use.31001_3016":"Embassy or consulate","use.31001_3020":"Building for education and research","use.31001_3021":"School","use.31001_3022":"Vocational school","use.31001_3023":"University building","use.31001_3024":"Research institute","use.31001_3030":"Building for culture","use.31001_3031":"Palace","use.31001_3032":"Theatre or opera","use.31001_3033":"Concert hall","use.31001_3034":"Museum","use.31001_3035":"Radio or television","use.31001_3036":"Events building","use.31001_3037":"Library","use.31001_3040":"Religious building","use.31001_3041":"Church","use.31001_3042":"Synagogue","use.31001_3043":"Chapel","use.31001_3044":"Parish hall","use.31001_3045":"Place of worship","use.31001_3046":"Mosque","use.31001_3050":"Health care building","use.31001_3051":"Hospital","use.31001_3052":"Care home","use.31001_3060":"Building for social purposes","use.31001_3061":"Youth centre","use.31001_3062":"Club house or community centre","use.31001_3063":"Senior citizens' centre","use.31001_3064":"Homeless shelter","use.31001_3065":"Nursery or day care centre","use.31001_3070":"Building for public safety","use.31001_3071":"Police","use.31001_3072":"Fire station","use.31001_3073":"Barracks","use.31001_3074":"Air-raid shelter","use.31001_3075":"Prison","use.31001_3080":"Cemetery building","use.31001_3081":"Funeral hall","use.31001_3082":"Crematorium","use.31001_3090":"Station or terminal building","use.31001_3091":"Railway station building","use.31001_3092":"Airport building","use.31001_3094":"U-Bahn station building","use.31001_3095":"S-Bahn station building","use.31001_3097":"Bus station building","use.31001_3100":"Public building with homes","use.31001_3200":"Recreation building","use.31001_3210":"Sports building","use.31001_3211":"Sports hall or gym","use.31001_3212":"Sports ground building","use.31001_3220":"Bath building","use.31001_3221":"Indoor pool","use.31001_3222":"Open-air pool building","use.31001_3240":"Spa building","use.31001_3241":"Medical baths","use.31001_3260":"Zoo building","use.31001_3261":"Zoo entrance building","use.31001_3262":"Aquarium, terrarium or aviary","use.31001_3263":"Animal house","use.31001_3264":"Zoo stable","use.31001_3270":"Botanic garden building","use.31001_3271":"Botanic garden entrance building","use.31001_3272":"Botanic glasshouse","use.31001_3273":"Plant house","use.31001_3281":"Shelter","use.31001_9998":"Use not specified in the records","use.51001":"Tower","use.51002":"Industrial structure","use.51006":"Sports or leisure structure","use.51007":"Historic structure","use.51009":"Other structure","use.51009_1610":"Roof or canopy","use.51009_1611":"Carport"}}